Correlation of Serum Nitric Oxide and Urine Malondialdehyde Levels in Non-Hemodialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Abstract
Background: In 2017, about 1.2 million people died because of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Patients with CKD are known to have increased levels of oxidative stress which leads to decrease in NO production. NO is a highly reactive signaling molecule and a major determinant of vascular homeostasis. Thus, the decreased NO can be a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Meanwhile, Malondialdehyde (MDA) is known as excellent biomarker for oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the correlation of serum total nitric oxide (NO) and urine MDA levels in non-hemodialysis CKD patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was an observational clinical study with a cross sectional design. Fourty-nine CKD subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The samples for laboratory tests were collected from urine. MDA concentration was measured using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) kit. NO concentration was measured with Griess reaction method and Total Nitric Oxide Parameter kit. The data were analyzed using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPPS) software version 16.
Results: The data showed significant negative correlations between MDA with NO (r=-0.294; p=0.041).
Conclusion: There was a correlation between serum total NO and urine MDA levels in non-hemodialysis CKD patients.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, non-hemodialysis
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bikbov B, Purcell CA, Levey AS, Smith M, Abdoli A, Abebe M, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020; 395(10225): 709–33, CrossRef.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Kementerian Kesehatan RI 2018. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI; 2018, article.
Gyurászová M, Gurecká R, Bábíčková J, Tóthová Ľ. Oxidative Stress in the pathophysiology of kidney disease: implications for noninvasive monitoring and identification of biomarkers. Oxid Med Cell Longev.2020; 2020: 5478708, CrossRef.
Tain YL, Hsu CN. Targeting on asymmetric dimethylarginine-related nitric oxide-reactive oxygen species imbalance to reprogram the development of hypertension. Int J Mol Sci. 2016; 17(12): 2020, CrossRef.
Podkowińska A, Formanowicz D. Chronic kidney disease as oxidative stress-and inflammatory-mediated cardiovascular disease. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(8): 752, CrossRef.
Rapa SF, Di Iorio BR, Campiglia P, Heidland A, Marzocco S. Inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease—potential therapeutic role of minerals, vitamins and plant-derived metabolites. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 21(1): 263, CrossRef.
Brombach Zhaw C. Eating practices within a multi-generational approach – A qualitative insight study. Appetite. 2018; 130: 299, CrossRef.
Annamalay S. Effects of anti-oxidants on oxidative stress: assessing MDA in urine samples. Int J Clin Nutr Diet. 2018; 4(2): 126, CrossRef.
Ito F, Sono Y, Ito T. Measurement and clinical significance of lipid peroxidation as a biomarker of oxidative stress: Oxidative stress in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammation. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(3): 72, CrossRef.
Farouk A, Hassan MH, Nady MA, Hafez MFA. Role of oxidative stress and outcome of various surgical approaches among patients with bullous lung disease candidate for surgical interference. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8(10): 2936–41, CrossRef.
National Kidney Foundation. Urinalysis and Kidney Disease: What You Need To Know. New York: National Kidney Foundation; 2014, article.
Rasool M, Ashraf MAB, Malik A, Waquar S, Khan SA, Qazi MH, et al. Comparative study of extrapolative factors linked with oxidative injury and antiinflammatory status in chronic kidney disease patients experiencing cardiovascular distress. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(2): e0171561, CrossRef.
Ghimire K, Altmann HM, Straub AC, Isenberg JS. Nitric oxide: What’s new to NO? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017; 312(3): C254–62, CrossRef.
Cyr AR, Huckaby LV, Shiva SS, Zuckerbraun BS. Nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction. Crit Care Clin. 2020; 36(2): 307–21, CrossRef.
Amador-Martínez I, Pérez-Villalva R, Uribe N, Cortés-González C, Bobadilla NA, Barrera-Chimal J. Reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation contributes to cardiovascular injury during chronic kidney disease progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2019; 317(2): F275–85, CrossRef.
Martens CR, Kirkman DL, Edwards DG. The vascular endothelium in chronic kidney disease: a novel target for aerobic exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2016; 44(1): 12–9, CrossRef.
Vadakedath S, Kandi V. Dialysis: a review of the mechanisms underlying complications in the management of chronic renal failure. Cureus. 2017; 9(8): e1603, CrossRef.
Romancito G. Hemodialysis [Internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [updated 2018; cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/.
Lestaringsih L, Projosudjadi W, Sya’bani M, Hadisaputro S. Correlation between the inflammation factors and intima-media thickness in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2019; 3: 48-58, CrossRef.
La Russa D, Pellegrino D, Montesanto A, Gigliotti P, Perri A, Russa A La, et al. Oxidative balance and iflammation in hemodialysis patients: biomarkers of cardiovascular risk? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019; 2019: 8567275, CrossRef.
Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Gorny X, Dounousi E, Mertens PR. Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review of the Literature. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017; 2017: 3081856, CrossRef.
Ogunleye A, Akinbodewa AA, Adejumo OA, Oluwafemi TT, Akinfaderin DA. Changes in antioxidant status associated with haemodialysis in chronic kidney disease. Ghana Med J. 2018; 52(1): 29–33, CrossRef.
Ji A, Pan C, Wang H, Jin Z, Lee JH, Wu Q, et al. Prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease in an elderly population from eastern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(22): 4383, CrossRef.
Ramadhanti R, Helda H. Association of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in population aged ≥18 years old. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2021; 5(3): 137–44, CrossRef.
Aucella F, Corsonello A, Leosco D, Brunori G, Gesualdo L, Antonelli-Incalzi R. Beyond chronic kidney disease: the diagnosis of renal disease in the elderly as an unmet need. A position paper endorsed by Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN) and Italian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (SIGG). J Nephrol. 2019; 32(2): 165–76, CrossRef.
O’Sullivan ED, Hughes J, Ferenbach DA. Renal aging: causes and consequences. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 28(2): 407–20, CrossRef.
Daenen K, Andries A, Mekahli D, Van Schepdael A, Jouret F, Bammens B. Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019; 34(6): 975–91, CrossRef.
Galvan DL, Green NH, Danesh FR. The hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2017; 92(5): 1051–7, CrossRef.
Di Meo S, Reed TT, Venditti P, Victor VM. Role of ROS and RNS sources in physiological and pathological conditions. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016; 2016: 1245049, CrossRef.
Irazabal MV, Torres VE. Reactive oxygen species and redox signaling in chronic kidney disease. Cells. 2020; 9(6): 1342, CrossRef.
Baylis C. Nitric oxide synthase derangements and hypertension in kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012; 21(1): 1–6, CrossRef.
Wang TY, Libardo MDJ, Angeles-Boza AM, Pellois JP. Membrane oxidation in cell delivery and cell killing applications. ACS Chem Biol. 2017; 12(5): 1170–82, CrossRef.
Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014; 2014: 360438, CrossRef.
Grotto D, Federal U, Maria DS, Garcia S. Importance of the lipid peroxidation biomarkers and methodological aspects Revisão. Quím Nova. 2009; 32(1): [n.p.], CrossRef.
Sung CC, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Lin YF, Wu CC. Oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013; 2013: 301982, CrossRef.
National Kidney Foundation [Internet]. Tests to Measure Kidney Function, Damage and Detect Abnormalities [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.226
Copyright (c) 2022 Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute
